EFICIENCIA ANÉSTESICA DE 2-FENOXIETANOL, BENZOCAINA, QUINALDINA Y METASULFONATO DE TRICAINA EN ALEVINOS Y JUVENILES DE CACHAMA BLANCA (Piaractus brachypomus)

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad anestésica de 2-fenoxietanol, benzocaina, quinaldina y metanosulfonato de tricaina (MS-222) en alevinos y juveniles de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus). Materiales y métodos. Alevinos (7.3 ± 6.8 g) y juveniles (49.6 ± 28.4 g) fueron expuestos a 2-fenoxietanol (200, 400 y 600 ppm), benzocaina (50, 100 y 150 ppm), quinaldina (7.5, 15 y 30 ppm) o MS-222 (100, 150 y 200 ppm) (n=12), para evaluar la duración de la inducción y recuperación, frecuencia opercular y la sobrevivencia post-anestesia. Resultados. El desarrollo corporal y la concentración afectaron el periodo de inducción, siendo mayor en juveniles que en alevinos (p0.05), mientras que juveniles expuestos a MS-222 mostraron el menor tiempo de inducción con la menor concentración (

Uso de óleos essenciais e de compostos sintéticos como agentes anestésicos para o lambari Astyanax altiparanae (Garutti & Britski, 2000)

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Antonio OstrenskyDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias. Defesa: Curitiba, 15/12/2014Inclui referênciasÁrea de concentração : Ciências veterináriasResumo: O uso de peixes em atividades de pesquisa em laboratorios tem se intensificado nas ultimas decadas e o lambari Astyanax sp., tem sido uma das especies frequentemente utilizadas como bioindicador e como modelo em ensaios laboratoriais. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito anestesico dos oleos essenciais de cravo S. aromaticum, menta M. arvensis e canfora C. camphora e dos compostos sinteticos MS-222 (Tricaina metanosulfonato) e propofol e estabelecer as concentracoes ideais de cada um desses produtos para anestesia de lambaris A. altiparanae de tres diferentes classes de tamanho durante o manejo em laboratorio. Inicialmente foram realizados testes pilotos para se avaliar as concentracoes de anestesicos suficientes para promocao dos cinco possiveis estagios anestesicos (I . sedacao, II . anestesia leve, III . anestesia profunda, IV . anestesia cirurgica, V . colapso medular). Posteriormente, os animais foram submetidos a cinco diferentes concentracoes de cada um dos anestesicos, todas testadas em dez animais por concentracao. Apos 15 minutos de exposicao aos anestesicos os peixes foram transferidos para agua sem anestesico, para avaliacao do tempo da recuperacao anestesica. A mortalidade e o comportamento alimentar foram observados durante as 48 horas apos a exposicao aos anestesicos. O nivel glicemico de peixes das classes II e III submetidos as concentracoes definidas previamente como ideais para cada um dos anestesicos testados (n=10 peixes/ tratamento) foi adicionalmente avaliado. Todos os compostos avaliados proporcionam efeito anestesico em A. altiparanae. As concentracoes ideais dos oleos de cravo, menta e canfora para inducao de anestesia cirurgica para a classe I foram de 35, 50 e 300 ƒÊL L-1. Para a classe II, 35, 130 e de 600 ƒÊL L-1 e para a classe III 35, 140 e de 600 ƒÊL L-1, respectivamente. Ja para os compostos sinteticos, a concentracao ideal de MS-222 foi de 90 mg L-1 para as tres classes de tamanho e as concentracoes ideais de propofol foram de 0,22, 0,23 e de 0,27 mg L-1 para as classes I, II e III respectivamente. Palavras chave: especie-modelo, inducao anestesica, laboratorio, manejoAbstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaesthetic effect of the essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), mint (Mentha arvensis) and camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), and of the synthetic compounds MS-222 and propofol, and to determine their optimal concentrations for use in the management of tetra Astyanax altiparanae (Garutti & Britski, 2000) in laboratory conditions. The fish were classified according to their length into classes I (individuals between 1.5 and 5.0 cm), II (between 5.1 and 8.0 cm) and III (greater than 8.1 cm). Initially, pilot studies were conducted to identify the concentration of anaesthetic required to promote five possible anaesthetic stages (I - sedation, II - mild anaesthesia, III - deep anaesthesia, IV - surgical anaesthesia, V - medullary collapse). The necessary concentrations required to promote stage IV anaesthetic induction were defined, and the animals of each size class were subjected to five different concentrations of the anesthetics (n = 10 fish/concentration in each test). After 15 minutes of exposure to the anaesthetic, the fish were transferred to clean water to evaluate the anaesthetic recovery time. Additionally, the glucose level was measured in the fish of classes II and III that were subjected to concentrations previously defined as optimal for each of the tested anaesthetics (n = 10 fish/treatment). Optimal concentrations of the clove, mint and camphor oils for surgical anaesthesia of A. altiparanae were 35, 50 and 300 ìL L-1, respectively, for size class I; 35, 130 and 600 ìL L-1, respectively, for class II; and 35, 140, and 600 ìL L-1, respectively, for class III. MS-222 optimal concentration was 90 mg L-1 for the three size classes and propofol 0,22, 0,23, and 0,27 mg L-1, for classes I, II and III, respectively. Keywords: fish, anaesthetic induction, management, sedatio

Eficiencia anéstesica de 2-fenoxietanol, benzocaina, quinaldina y metasulfonato de tricaina en alevinos y juveniles de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus)

Objective. To evaluate the efficiency of 2-phenoxyethanol, benzocaine, quinaldine and tricaine methasulphonate (MS-222) as an anesthesia for pirapitinga (Piaractus brachypomus) fingerlings and juvenile fishes. Materials and methods. Fingerlings (7.3 ± 6.8 g) and juveniles (49.6 ± 28.4 g) were exposed to 2-phenoxyethanol (200, 400 and 600 ppm), benzocaine (50, 100 y 150 ppm), quinaldine (7.5, 15 y 30 ppm) or MS-222 (100, 150 y 200 ppm) (n=12) in order to evaluate the induction and recovery time, opercular frequency and post-anesthesia survival. Results. Induction time was longer in juveniles than in fingerlings (p<0.05) and decreased in proportion to the increase in the concentration of anesthesia. However, induction time in fingerlings exposed to MS-222 was longer than in juveniles. Fingerlings exposed to 2-phenoxyethanol had similar induction times at the three concentrations (p>0.05), whereas the juveniles exposed to the low MS-222 concentration had lower induction time (p<0.05). The recovery time was less than 2 min. using 2- phenoxyethanol, MS-222, quinaldine and 50 ppm of benzocaine, but was longer with higher benzocaine concentrations. No variation in opercular frequency or mortality was observed during or after anesthesia. Conclusions. In fingerlings and juveniles, 2-phenoxyethanol (400 ppm) and MS-222 (100 ppm), respectively, are considered the anesthetics of choice for short procedures. Higher concentrations of benzocaine should be used for longer proceduresObjetivo. Evaluar la efectividad anestésica de 2-fenoxietanol, benzocaina, quinaldina y metanosulfonato de tricaina (MS-222) en alevinos y juveniles de cachama blanca (Piaractus brachypomus). Materiales y métodos. Alevinos (7.3 ± 6.8 g) y juveniles (49.6 ± 28.4 g) fueron expuestos a 2-fenoxietanol (200, 400 y 600 ppm), benzocaina (50, 100 y 150 ppm), quinaldina (7.5, 15 y 30 ppm) o MS-222 (100, 150 y 200 ppm) (n=12), para evaluar la duración de la inducción y recuperación, frecuencia opercular y la sobrevivencia postanestesia. Resultados. El desarrollo corporal y la concentración afectaron el periodo de inducción, siendo mayor en juveniles que en alevinos (p<0.05) y menor a medida que aumentó la concentración de anestésico; sin embargo, alevinos expuestos a MS-222 mostraron períodos de inducción más largos que los juveniles; y alevinos expuestos a 2-fenoxietanol mostraron períodos de inducción iguales con las tres concentraciones (p>0.05), mientras que juveniles expuestos a MS-222 mostraron el menor tiempo de inducción con la menor concentración (p<0.05). El tiempo de recuperación fue inferior a 2 min, con 2-fenoxietanol, MS-222, quinaldina y 50 ppm de benzocaina; pero altas concentraciones de benzocaina mostraron largos períodos de recuperación. No se observó tendencia en la variación de la frecuencia opercular ni mortalidad durante o después de la exposición a los anestésicos. Conclusiones. En alevinos el 2- fenoxietanol (400 ppm) y en juveniles el MS-222 (100 ppm), serían las sustancias de elección para procedimientos cortos, pero deberá recurrirse a altas concentraciones de benzocaina cuando el propósito de la anestesia sea un procedimiento prolongado